INDIA-CHAPTER -2 STRUCTURE&PHYSIOGRAPHY Contd..........

10.     Which are the four divisions of northern plain from north to south  .Explain

From the north to the south, these can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains. The alluvial plains can be  further divided into the Khadar and the Bhangar.

Bhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at

the break-up of the slope. As a result of this,the streams and rivers coming from the

mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders, and at times, disappear in this

zone.

TARAI BELT  South of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt,with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated

channel, thereby, creating marshy and swampy conditions known as the Tarai. This

has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wild life.

ALLUVIAL PLAIN

The south of Tarai is a belt consisting of old and new alluvial deposits known as the

Bhangar and Khadar respectively. These plains have characteristic features of mature

stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms such as sand bars, meanders, oxbow

lakes and braided channels. The Brahmaputra plains are known for their riverine islands and sand bars. Most of these areas are subjected to periodic floods and shifting river courses forming braided streams.

10 Which are the three  divisions of peninsular plateau ?

On the basis of the prominent relief features, the Peninsular plateau can be divided

into three broad groups:

(i) The Deccan Plateau

(ii) The Central Highlands

(iii) The Northeastern Plateau.

11. Which is the highest peak of peninsular India ?

‘Anaimudi’ (2,695 m),

12 Where does Eastern and Western ghats meet ?

The Eastern and the Western Ghats meet each other at the Nilgiri hills.

14 Which are the divisions of the Meghalaya Plateau ?

The Meghalaya plateau is further sub-divided into three: (i) The Garo Hills; (ii) The Khasi Hills; (iii) The Jaintia Hills,

15. Which is the important river of the Desert region ?

The Luni river flowing in the southern part of the desert

16 Classify the coastal plains on the basis of the location and active geomorphological processes, it can be broadly divided into two: (i) the western coastal plains; (ii) the eastern coastal plains

13 Differenciate between western and Eastern ghats

Western ghats	Eastern ghats
1. Western Ghats are comparatively higher in elevation 2. more continuous than the Eastern Ghats 3. Most of the Peninsular rivers have their origin in the Western Ghats 4. Theiraverage elevation is about 1,500 m with the height increasing from north to south	1. Eastern Ghats comprises low hills 2. They are discontinuous 3 These are highly eroded by the rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri, etc 4. Some of the important ranges include the Javadi hills,the Palconda range, the Nallamala hills, the Mahendragiri hills, etc

17 Differenciate between Western and Eastern Coastal Plain

Western Coastal Plain

Eastern Coastal Plain

The western coastal plains are an example  of submerged coastal plain it is a narrow belt provides natural conditions for the     development of ports and harbours   Extend from the Gujarat coast      in the north to the Kerala coast in                  the south The rivers flowing through this coastal plain do not form any delta the western coast may be divided into following divisions – the Kachchh and Kathiawar coast in Gujarat, Konkan coast in Maharashtra, Goan coast and Malabar coast in Karnataka and Kerala respectively

The eastern coastal plain is is an example of an emergent coast. The eastern coastal plain is Broader 3. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of ports and harbours. 4. Extends from West Bengal in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south 5. There are well developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal 6.Eastern coast may be divided in to two Coromondel coast in South and Northern circar in the north

18. Differenciate between the island groups of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea .

The Bay of Bengal island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands )

The islands of the Arabian sea (Lakshadweep Islands)

1 The Bay of Bengal island groups consist of about 572 islands/islets 2.These are situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and 92°E -94°E 3. The two principal groups of islets include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the Labrynth island 4. It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. 5. Barren island, the only active volcano in India is also situated in the Nicobar islands. 6. Island group are separated in to two by a water body which is called the Ten degree channel Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south

1. The islands of the Arabian sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy. 2.  These are scattered between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude. 3.These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast 4. The entire island group is built of coral deposits. 5.There are approximately 36 islands of which 11 are inhabited. Minicoy is the largest island with an area of 453 sq. km. 6. The entire group of islands is broadly divided by the Eleventh degree channel, north of which is the Amini Island and to the south of the Canannore Island.

19 Which type of rainfall is experienced in Andaman and Nicobar islands?

These islands receive convectional rainfall

20 What type of vegetation is found in Andaman and Nicobar islands?

These islands have an equatorial type of vegetation.